In this group, Addison’s disease is the most frequently associated disease, but diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and acromegaly were also reported. Common causes are frostbite and mechanical trauma however, endocrinopathies have also been reported to cause ectopic calcium deposition. The calcification may be metastatic in patients with elevated serum levels of calcium and phosphorus or dystrophic when occurring after damage or inflammation of the cartilage. Rarely, petrification can be due to ossification, whereby soft tissue is converted into bone, which would not normally otherwise occur. Petrification is most often due to calcification, with amorphous, insoluble calcium salts deposited into tissue. It is characterized by the development of stony-hard auricular cartilage of one or both the ears. To date, there have been approximately 150 cases of petrified ear reported worldwide. Petrified ear is a rare diagnosis, which was first reported in 1866 by the Czech anatomist Vincent Bochdalek. After 3 weeks, the pedicle of the flap was severed, and remodeling and final suturing were performed. Immediately after the excision, the flap was incised and undermined, and its distal end was transposed and sutured to the ear defect. Reconstruction of the surgical defect was accomplished with a two-stage interpolated, inferiorly based, pre-auricular transposition flap ( Figure 4). The squamous cell carcinoma was surgically excised to the calcified plane, with negative surgical margins ( Figure 3).
No specific treatment of the calcification was performed due to the mild symptom entity.
#PETRIFY MEANING FULL#
Full blood cell count, renal biochemistry, calcium, phosphorus, glucose, uric acid, thyroid function, and parathyroid hormone tests revealed normal findings. A radiograph ( Figure 2A) and a computerized tomography scan (CT) showed calcification of the entire auricular cartilage with sparing of the earlobes ( Figure 2B). No alterations of the nasal ala were observed. At palpation, both ears were stony hard, inflexible, and unmalleable ( Figure 1B), without any visible external change, apart from the carcinoma. He had an 18-year history of primary hypothyroidism and primary adrenal insufficiency, currently treated with hydrocortisone and levothyroxine. He denied a history of ear trauma, frostbite, or inflammatory disorders. He recalled progressive stiffening of both ears for 20 years, associated with pain exacerbated in bed at night, and complained of hearing loss. A 71-year-old man was referred for surgery for a squamous cell carcinoma of the left scapha ( Figure 1A).
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